​This list includes sacred summer days of old. Some of these festivals like Juhannus are still celebrated (by everyone) and others like Karhunpäivä (day of the bear) is celebrated mainly by pagans. Several holidays are named after different saints but roots of the names probably are much older and are derived from different nature spirits/ancient deities.

Kesäkuu — JuneDerived from the word kesä meaning summer. Fields are ploughed. The old name of the month was suvikuu (suvi-summer).
Kustaan päivä — Day of Kustaa 6.6
Potatoes and linen are planted
Eskon päivä — day of Esko 12.6
Time to plant turnips and hemp. No more planting barley.
Kesäpäivän tasaus — Summer Equinox — Pesäpäivät — The nesting days 20–22.6
Sun reaches it´s ”nest” and is as close to the earth as possible. The longest day of the year when the sun doesn´t go down.
Ukon Vakat (from the end of May to the end of June)
Festival to honour Ukko, the god of thunder, land and fertility. There was no settled date for Ukon Vakat. If the year was warm celebrations might already take place in May but most often Ukon Vakat was celebrated during the Summer Solstice.
Juhannus — Summer Festival — day of St.John 24.6

Juhannus traditions include burning bonfires, going into the sauna, casting spells. Homes are decorated with fresh leaves. In modern-day Finland, Juhannus is celebrated during the weekend of the Summer Solstice.
​
Pietarin päivä/ Pekan päivä — Day of Pekka (St. Peter´s day) 29.6
The warmest time of the year.

Heinäkuu — July​Derived from the word heinä meaning hay. Time of the hay works.

Heinä-Maija 2.7
Hay cutting begins.

Karhunpäivä — Day of the bear 13.7
Ancient Finnish celebration to honour the bear god. It was originally celebrated during early spring when the bear hunt took place. Nowadays it is celebrated in the summer by some pagans (like myself) who follow Finnish wheel of the year. Day of the bear was also celebrated in Estonia during the summer. 13th of July is considered to be one of the warmest days of the year.

Jaakon päivä — Ukon pyhä — Day of Jaakko — Ukko´s holiday 25.7
Ukko (thunder) is respected by spending the day in silence.

Ollin päivä — day of Olli 29.7
The first touch of autumn. Nights are getting darker. First harvest festival.

Name of elokuu is derived from the Finnish word elonkorjuu meaning harvest. The old name of the month was mätäkuu, the rotten month. Under the heath waves, food easily became rotten

Vanhan Iljan päivä — Day of old Ilja 1.8
In Karelia, Ilja throws chilled stones into waters. The mushroom season begins. In Karelia bulls and goats are sacrificed for the spirits.
Laurin päivä — day of Lauri 10. 8
End of the summer. The sky is filled with shooting stars.
Perttelin päivä — Day of Pertteli 24.8
First day of autumn. Frosty nights arrive. Autumn rye is planted.
Syyskuu — September
Name of the month is derived from the Finnish word syksy meaning autumn.
Syys-Matti — Autumn Matti 21.9
Preparing for winter begins. Apples, potatoes and turnips are picked. Bears go into hibernation.

Check out my other articles on Finnish pagan wheel of the year:
​
Spring Holidays of pagan Finland 
​Winter holidays of pagan Finland 
​Autumn holidays of pagan Finland 

For all the witchy folks you can find many of my paintings and illustrations turned into wheel of the year cards celebrating different sabbaths here )O( 

Talking about the day of the bear. It is an old Finnish pagan holiday which (some) pagans celebrate in a new form. Enjoy )O( 

Can you feel the vibes? 

​Juhannus the summer solstice is one of the most joyous holidays in Finland. Cities become empty when families and friends travel to the country side and to their summer cabins. From all the holidays Juhannus the summer solstice is the most pagan and the ancient customs of the holiday haven´t changed that much. For many summer solstice is magical time simply because the sun does not go down. This is the time when the sun is closest to the earth in the northern hemisphere.

​Old pagan name for Juhannus was Ukon Vakat. It was a celebration to honor Ukko the thunder god. For thousands of years Finland was an agricultural society. God who brought the rain with him was naturally the most worshiped of all the gods. Name ukko literally means an old man but in the old days ukko was an honorary title given to a man who had reached old age. Finnish word for thunder ukkonen is derived from the name Ukko. He was the god of fertility, agriculture, community, luck, abundance, people, communication, thunder, lightnings, rain and the sky. In many cultures thunder gods are connected to warfare but Ukko was a very peaceful god. He was also god of love and relationships, fertility of the land and the fertility of the people.

Vakka means sacrifice. During ukon vakat food sacrifices were left for Ukko. These were usually bread, beer and grain. Ukon Vakat was a communial celebration where several groups of people gathered together to celebrate. Festivities usually took a place in a hill near water. Summer was the time when all four elements emerged together and the landscape where Ukon Vakat was celebrated reflected that. Celebration included good food, drinking, bonfires, music and dancing. Ukon Vakat was most often celebrated either during the Summer Solstice (20-22nd of June). In some villages Ukon Vakat was celebrated in the end of May or in the beginning of June if the weather was good.
​
Another Finnish name for Summer Solstice festival was Mittumaari which is derived from the Swedish Midsommar Fest -festival.

​In the early Middle Ages the Catholic church wanted to get rid of Summer Solstice and other pagan celebrations. Name of the holiday was changed into Juhannus after Johannes Kastaja (John the Babtist). Johannes Kastaja already had his own celebration date in the old Finnish almanac. This date was 4th of June. The church ordered these two festivities to be emerged. New date was set to 24th of June which became new official date for Juhannus. This date remained the same all the way to 1950´s when the date was updated for the new Finnish almanac. It was decided that Juhannus would always take place in Saturday between 20-22nd of June. Celebration was returned back to it´s original place. In modern day Finland Juhannus is a national holiday. It is also officially a non-religious holiday (despite of it´s name). For most Finns Juhannus is a long weekend which starts on Friday and ends on Sunday. Modern day celebrations includes good food, drinking and litting bonfires.

​
















​Ukko can create lightnings and he is the god of fire, therefore fire is the element of summer solstice. In the pagan times bonfires were symbols of abundance and they were lit to keep evil and bad spirits away. When smoke of the bonfire vanished into to the skies people believed that gods and goddesses living in the Ylinen (the spirit realm) would hear their hopes and wishes. Bonfires are the most common Juhannus tradition still today in Finland. Custom goes back to 10 000 years to the shamanic times. Before people worshiped human-shaped deities, they worshiped animal-shaped gods. One of the most respected ones was ukkoslintu, eagle, the Thunderbird. Eagles are massive birds and seeing them is always impressive. Eagles tend to pray just before the storm. For the ancient Finns seeing an eagle flying was omen of approaching thunder. Eagles are connected to the myth of the Phoenix. They can literally re-create themselves. When an eagle gets old and it´s feathers start to fall off. It can choose to die or it can pluck away all it´s old feathers and grow new ones. This in fact can extend the lifespan of the eagle. Myths about the thunder birds are common all over the world. In many cultures eagles are symbols of the thunder god.

​One of the old juhannus decorations was to cut trunks from birch trees and put them to both sides of doors and gates. These trunks were decorated with fresh flowers and leaves. This tradition probably originates from Sweden where midsummer poles are more common. This is custom is not practiced in Finland anymore. If there was a birch tree outside the house, tree was also decorated with leaves and ribbons. Houses, saunas and stables were all cleaned and decorated with wreaths. Children made wreaths from flowers and placed them to the foreheads of cows and horses.

​​Ukko was the god of love and fertility and he was very popular god among women who wanted to get married or become pregnant. Many spells were performed in the saunas and meadows that were filled with wild flowers. Here are some Juhannus spells and superstitions:

Pick 7,9 or 12 wild flowers (they all need to be different species). Put them under your pillow and in the night of the summer solstice your future spouse appears into your dreams.

Go to the forest in the night of the summer solstice and find a spring or a well. Look into the well at midnight and you will see your future husband/wife.

Juhannus is a great time to see elves and fairies. If you see willow o´wisps in the forest, follow the flames and you will find a buried treasure.

If you go into a well in the night between 24th and 25th of June, water has turned into vodka.

If you have headpains spread some summer solstice morning dew onto your forehead and the pain will dissappear.

If you have tinnitus in your ear, pour some morning dew into it and the ringing will stop.

If you drink morning dew in the Sunday morning after the summer soltice you will get a beautiful singing voice.
​
Roll naked in the morning dew in the night of the summer soltice and you remain beautiful for the rest of the year.

Check out my course on Finnish mythology and folklore )O(